Il 389 Directory Server è un LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) server sviluppato da Red Hat. Il nome 389 deriva dal numero di porta LDAP. Anche se il 389-ds viene costruito su fedora, supporta molti altri sistemi operativi, come CentOS, Scientific Linux, Debian e solaris, ecc.
Caratteristiche:
- Multi-Master Replication, per fornire tolleranza ai guasti e prestazioni di alta scrittura.
- Scalabilità: migliaia di operazioni al secondo, decine di migliaia di utenti simultanei, decine di milioni di voci, centinaia di gigabyte di dati.
- Il codebase è stato sviluppato e implementato continuamente dalla stessa squadra per più di un decennio.
- Ampia documentazione, comprese wiki di installazione e guide varie.
- Utente di Active Directory e la sincronizzazione di gruppo.
- Autenticazione e trasporto sicuro (SSLv3, TLSv1 e SASL)
- Supporto per LDAPv3
- On-line, a zero downtime, aggiornamento degli schemi LDAP-based.
- Console grafica sia per la gestione degli utenti e gruppi sia per la gestione dei server.
Prerequisiti:
1. Assicurarsi che il server sia correttamente configurato con il server DNS e con la corretta FQDN(nome macchina,es:server.labs.lan).
2. Configurare il firewall per consentire l’accesso verso il server ldap. Modificare il file di configurazione di iptables aggiungento le righe che interessano(le ultime 3).
[root@server ~]# nano /etc/sysconfig/iptables # Firewall configuration written by system-config-firewall # Manual customization of this file is not recommended. *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 389 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 636 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 9830 -j ACCEPT COMMIT
3. Restart iptables per salvare i cambiamenti.
[root@server ~]# service iptables restart iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ] iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ] iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ] iptables: Applying firewall rules: [ OK ]
4. Aggiungere e installare il repository EPEL per installare il pacchetto 389ds
[root@server ~]# wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm --2013-02-05 13:00:46-- http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm Resolving dl.fedoraproject.org... 209.132.181.23, 209.132.181.24, 209.132.181.25, ... Connecting to dl.fedoraproject.org|209.132.181.23|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 14540 (14K) [application/x-rpm] Saving to: `epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm' 100%[======================================>] 14,540 30.9K/s in 0.5s 2013-02-05 13:00:48 (30.9 KB/s) - `epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm' saved [14540/14540] [root@server ~]# rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm warning: epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 0608b895: NOKEY Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:epel-release ########################################### [100%]
5. Prima di iniziare ad installare e configurare 389-ds dovremmo modificare alcune impostazioni di prestazioni e di sicurezza nel server.
5.1. Aprire il file /etc/sysctl.conf e aggiungere le righe come illustrato di seguito.(ultime 3 righe)
[root@server ~]# nano /etc/sysctl.conf # # Kernel sysctl configuration file for Red Hat Linux # For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled. See sysctl(8) and # sysctl.conf(5) for more details. # Controls IP packet forwarding net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 # Controls source route verification net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1 # Do not accept source routing net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0 # Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel kernel.sysrq = 0 # Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename. # Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications. kernel.core_uses_pid = 1 # Controls the use of TCP syncookies net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 # Disable netfilter on bridges. net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0 # Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue kernel.msgmnb = 65536 # Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes kernel.msgmax = 65536 # Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes kernel.shmmax = 4294967295 # Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages kernel.shmall = 268435456 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 fs.file-max = 64000
Controllare i cambiamenti che avete fatto.
[root@server ~]# sysctl -p net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1 net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0 kernel.sysrq = 0 kernel.core_uses_pid = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 error: "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables" is an unknown key error: "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables" is an unknown key error: "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables" is an unknown key kernel.msgmnb = 65536 kernel.msgmax = 65536 kernel.shmmax = 4294967295 kernel.shmall = 268435456 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 fs.file-max = 64000
5.2. Modificare i descrittori nel file /etc/security/limits.conf e aggiungere le linee come mostrato di seguito alla fine.
[root@server ~]# nano /etc/security/limits.conf # /etc/security/limits.conf # #Each line describes a limit for a user in the form: # #<domain> <type> <item> <value> # #Where: #<domain> can be: # - an user name # - a group name, with @group syntax # - the wildcard *, for default entry # - the wildcard %, can be also used with %group syntax, # for maxlogin limit # #<type> can have the two values: # - "soft" for enforcing the soft limits # - "hard" for enforcing hard limits # #<item> can be one of the following: # - core - limits the core file size (KB) # - data - max data size (KB) # - fsize - maximum filesize (KB) # - memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB) # - nofile - max number of open files # - rss - max resident set size (KB) # - stack - max stack size (KB) # - cpu - max CPU time (MIN) # - nproc - max number of processes # - as - address space limit (KB) # - maxlogins - max number of logins for this user # - maxsyslogins - max number of logins on the system # - priority - the priority to run user process with # - locks - max number of file locks the user can hold # - sigpending - max number of pending signals # - msgqueue - max memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes) # - nice - max nice priority allowed to raise to values: [-20, 19] # - rtprio - max realtime priority # #<domain> <type> <item> <value> # #* soft core 0 #* hard rss 10000 #@student hard nproc 20 #@faculty soft nproc 20 #@faculty hard nproc 50 #ftp hard nproc 0 #@student - maxlogins 4 # End of file *softnofile8192 *hardnofile8192
5.3. Aprire il file /etc/profile e aggiungere la riga come illustrato di seguito.
[root@server ~]# nano /etc/profile
# /etc/profile
# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup
# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc
# It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you
# are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in
# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this
# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.
pathmunge () {
case ":${PATH}:" in
*:"$1":*)
;;
*)
if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
PATH=$PATH:$1
else
PATH=$1:$PATH
fi
esac
}
if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; then
if [ -z "$EUID" ]; then
# ksh workaround
EUID=`id -u`
UID=`id -ru`
fi
USER="`id -un`"
LOGNAME=$USER
MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"
fi
# Path manipulation
if [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; then
pathmunge /sbin
pathmunge /usr/sbin
pathmunge /usr/local/sbin
else
pathmunge /usr/local/sbin after
pathmunge /usr/sbin after
pathmunge /sbin after
fi
HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname 2>/dev/null`
HISTSIZE=1000
if [ "$HISTCONTROL" = "ignorespace" ] ; then
export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth
else
export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
fi
export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL
# By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell
# Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200
# You could check uidgid reservation validity in
# /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file
if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`id -gn`" = "`id -un`" ]; then
umask 002
else
umask 022
fi
for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
if [ -r "$i" ]; then
if [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then
. "$i"
else
. "$i" >/dev/null 2>&1
fi
fi
done
unset i
unset pathmunge
ulimit-n8192
5.4. Aggiungere quanto segue alla fine del file /etc/pam.d/login come mostrato di seguito.(ultima riga)
[root@server ~]# nano /etc/pam.d/login #%PAM-1.0 auth [user_unknown=ignore success=ok ignore=ignore default=bad] pam_securetty.so auth include system-auth account required pam_nologin.so account include system-auth password include system-auth # pam_selinux.so close should be the first session rule session required pam_selinux.so close session required pam_loginuid.so session optional pam_console.so # pam_selinux.so open should only be followed by sessions to be executed in the user context session required pam_selinux.so open session required pam_namespace.so session optional pam_keyinit.so force revoke session include system-auth -session optional pam_ck_connector.so session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
6. Creare un utente fedora-ds.
[root@server ~]# useradd fedora-ds [root@server ~]# passwd fedora-ds Changing password for user fedora-ds. New password: BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word Retype new password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
Installazione LDAP server
yum install -y 389-admin.x86_64 389-admin-console.noarch
Configurazione 389 Directory Server
[root@server ~]# setup-ds-admin.pl
==============================================================================
This program will set up the 389 Directory and Administration Servers.
It is recommended that you have "root" privilege to set up the software.
Tips for using this program:
- Press "Enter" to choose the default and go to the next screen
- Type "Control-B" then "Enter" to go back to the previous screen
- Type "Control-C" to cancel the setup program
Would you like to continue with set up? [yes]: ##invio##
==============================================================================
Your system has been scanned for potential problems, missing patches,
etc. The following output is a report of the items found that need to
be addressed before running this software in a production
environment.
389 Directory Server system tuning analysis version 10-AUGUST-2007.
NOTICE : System is i686-unknown-linux2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (1 processor).
WARNING: 622MB of physical memory is available on the system. 1024MB is recommended for best performance on large production system.
WARNING: There are only 1024 file descriptors (soft limit) available, which
limit the number of simultaneous connections.
WARNING : The warning messages above should be reviewed before proceeding.
Would you like to continue? [no]: yes ##yes e invio##
==============================================================================
Choose a setup type:
1. Express
Allows you to quickly set up the servers using the most
common options and pre-defined defaults. Useful for quick
evaluation of the products.
2. Typical
Allows you to specify common defaults and options.
3. Custom
Allows you to specify more advanced options. This is
recommended for experienced server administrators only.
To accept the default shown in brackets, press the Enter key.
Choose a setup type [2]: 2 ##2 e invio##
==============================================================================
Enter the fully qualified domain name of the computer
on which you're setting up server software. Using the form
<hostname>.<domainname>
Example: eros.example.com.
To accept the default shown in brackets, press the Enter key.
Warning: This step may take a few minutes if your DNS servers
can not be reached or if DNS is not configured correctly. If
you would rather not wait, hit Ctrl-C and run this program again
with the following command line option to specify the hostname:
General.FullMachineName=your.hostname.domain.name
Computer name [server.labs.lan]: ##invio##
==============================================================================
The servers must run as a specific user in a specific group.
It is strongly recommended that this user should have no privileges
on the computer (i.e. a non-root user). The setup procedure
will give this user/group some permissions in specific paths/files
to perform server-specific operations.
If you have not yet created a user and group for the servers,
create this user and group using your native operating
system utilities.
System User [nobody]: fedora-ds ##inserire l'account creato ed invio##
System Group [nobody]: fedora-ds
==============================================================================
Server information is stored in the configuration directory server.
This information is used by the console and administration server to
configure and manage your servers. If you have already set up a
configuration directory server, you should register any servers you
set up or create with the configuration server. To do so, the
following information about the configuration server is required: the
fully qualified host name of the form
<hostname>.<domainname>(e.g. hostname.example.com), the port number
(default 389), the suffix, the DN and password of a user having
permission to write the configuration information, usually the
configuration directory administrator, and if you are using security
(TLS/SSL). If you are using TLS/SSL, specify the TLS/SSL (LDAPS) port
number (default 636) instead of the regular LDAP port number, and
provide the CA certificate (in PEM/ASCII format).
If you do not yet have a configuration directory server, enter 'No' to
be prompted to set up one.
Do you want to register this software with an existing
configuration directory server? [no]: ##invio##
==============================================================================
Please enter the administrator ID for the configuration directory
server. This is the ID typically used to log in to the console. You
will also be prompted for the password.
Configuration directory server
administrator ID [admin]: ##inserire una password ed invio##
Password:
Password (confirm):
==============================================================================
The information stored in the configuration directory server can be
separated into different Administration Domains. If you are managing
multiple software releases at the same time, or managing information
about multiple domains, you may use the Administration Domain to keep
them separate.
If you are not using administrative domains, press Enter to select the
default. Otherwise, enter some descriptive, unique name for the
administration domain, such as the name of the organization
responsible for managing the domain.
Administration Domain [labs.lan]: ##invio##
==============================================================================
The standard directory server network port number is 389. However, if
you are not logged as the superuser, or port 389 is in use, the
default value will be a random unused port number greater than 1024.
If you want to use port 389, make sure that you are logged in as the
superuser, that port 389 is not in use.
Directory server network port [389]: ##invio##
==============================================================================
Each instance of a directory server requires a unique identifier.
This identifier is used to name the various
instance specific files and directories in the file system,
as well as for other uses as a server instance identifier.
Directory server identifier [server]: ##invio##
==============================================================================
The suffix is the root of your directory tree. The suffix must be a valid DN.
It is recommended that you use the dc=domaincomponent suffix convention.
For example, if your domain is example.com,
you should use dc=example,dc=com for your suffix.
Setup will create this initial suffix for you,
but you may have more than one suffix.
Use the directory server utilities to create additional suffixes.
Suffix [dc=labs, dc=lan]: ##invio##
==============================================================================
Certain directory server operations require an administrative user.
This user is referred to as the Directory Manager and typically has a
bind Distinguished Name (DN) of cn=Directory Manager.
You will also be prompted for the password for this user. The password must
be at least 8 characters long, and contain no spaces.
Press Control-B or type the word "back", then Enter to back up and start over.
Directory Manager DN [cn=Directory Manager]: ##invio##
Password:
Password (confirm):
==============================================================================
The Administration Server is separate from any of your web or application
servers since it listens to a different port and access to it is
restricted.
Pick a port number between 1024 and 65535 to run your Administration
Server on. You should NOT use a port number which you plan to
run a web or application server on, rather, select a number which you
will remember and which will not be used for anything else.
Administration port [9830]: ##invio##
==============================================================================
The interactive phase is complete. The script will now set up your
servers. Enter No or go Back if you want to change something.
Are you ready to set up your servers? [yes]:
Creating directory server . . .
Your new DS instance 'server' was successfully created.
Creating the configuration directory server . . .
Beginning Admin Server creation . . .
Creating Admin Server files and directories . . .
Updating adm.conf . . .
Updating admpw . . .
Registering admin server with the configuration directory server . . .
Updating adm.conf with information from configuration directory server . . .
Updating the configuration for the httpd engine . . .
Starting admin server . . .
output: Starting dirsrv-admin:
output: [ OK ]
The admin server was successfully started.
Admin server was successfully created, configured, and started.
Exiting . . .
Log file is '/tmp/setupkmf7gF.log'
Test LDAP
[root@server ~]# ldapsearch -x -b "dc=labs,dc=lan" # extended LDIF # # LDAPv3 # base <dc=labs,dc=lan> with scope subtree # filter: (objectclass=*) # requesting: ALL # # labs.lan dn: dc=labs,dc=lan objectClass: top objectClass: domain dc: labs # Directory Administrators, labs.lan dn: cn=Directory Administrators,dc=labs,dc=lan objectClass: top objectClass: groupofuniquenames cn: Directory Administrators uniqueMember: cn=Directory Manager # Groups, labs.lan dn: ou=Groups,dc=labs,dc=lan objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalunit ou: Groups # People, labs.lan dn: ou=People,dc=labs,dc=lan objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalunit ou: People # Special Users, labs.lan dn: ou=Special Users,dc=labs,dc=lan objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit ou: Special Users description: Special Administrative Accounts # Accounting Managers, Groups, labs.lan dn: cn=Accounting Managers,ou=Groups,dc=labs,dc=lan objectClass: top objectClass: groupOfUniqueNames cn: Accounting Managers ou: groups description: People who can manage accounting entries uniqueMember: cn=Directory Manager # HR Managers, Groups, labs.lan dn: cn=HR Managers,ou=Groups,dc=labs,dc=lan objectClass: top objectClass: groupOfUniqueNames cn: HR Managers ou: groups description: People who can manage HR entries uniqueMember: cn=Directory Manager # QA Managers, Groups, labs.lan dn: cn=QA Managers,ou=Groups,dc=labs,dc=lan objectClass: top objectClass: groupOfUniqueNames cn: QA Managers ou: groups description: People who can manage QA entries uniqueMember: cn=Directory Manager # PD Managers, Groups, labs.lan dn: cn=PD Managers,ou=Groups,dc=labs,dc=lan objectClass: top objectClass: groupOfUniqueNames cn: PD Managers ou: groups description: People who can manage engineer entries uniqueMember: cn=Directory Manager # search result search: 2 result: 0 Success # numResponses: 10 # numEntries: 9
Se ottenete questo output il server è in funzione.
Rendere il server LDAP avviabile automaticamente all’avvio.
chkconfig dirsrv on
P.S.:i servizi del nostro server sono due:dirsrv e dirsrv-admin.Quest’ultimo è la console del nostro server ldap quindi assicurarsi che sia attivo anche questo servizio.
service dirsrv-admin status dirsrv-admin (pid 2510) is running...
se non lo fosse avviarlo.
La prossima guida sarà la gestione del server ldap dalla console installabile anche su sistemi windows.